[DOWNLOAD] "Significance of Gender and Age in African American Children's Response to Parental Victimization." by Health and Social Work ~ eBook PDF Kindle ePub Free

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eBook details

Title: Significance of Gender and Age in African American Children's Response to Parental Victimization.
Author : Health and Social Work
Release Date : January 01, 2006
Genre: Health & Fitness,Books,Health, Mind & Body,
Pages : * pages
Size : 221 KB

Description

The United States is a violent country (Trickett & Schellenbach, 1998), and our children's exposure to this violence is a national public health issue (Glodich, 1998).Violence exposure, as either a witness or victim, is rampant among inner-city youths (Hien & Bukszpan, 1999). Although violence has decreased in recent years, youths in poor urban areas continue to be disproportionately exposed (Gorman-Smith & Tolan, 1998; Gorman-Smith, Tolan, & Henry, 1999). Children exposed to violence (either directly or indirectly) are vulnerable to serious long-term consequences, such as posttraumatic stress (Kilpatrick & Williams, 1997; McCloskey & Walker, 2000), delinquency (Farrell & Bruce, 1997; Gorman-Smith & Tolan; Miller, Wasserman, Neugebauer, Gorman-Smith, & Kamboukos, 1999), depression (Gorman-Smith et al.; Kliewer, Lepore, Oskin, & Johnson, 1998), and impaired attention (Ford, Racusin, Ellis, & Daviss, 2000). Trauma and post-trauma reactions have far-reaching effects beyond the individual victim. Trauma can touch the victim's entire system (for example, partner, professional helper, family members, friends) (Figley, 1995a). In fact, the greater the degree of crisis (type of trauma event and length of stress reaction), the greater the system stress (Peebles-Kleiger & Kleiger, 1994). Concern must be extended beyond the direct victims of violence to include those indirectly affected. Indirect victims include those children who have heard about violence occurring to members of their immediate and extended family or acquaintances, Indirect victims are also those children who fear for their safety and that of their family and friends (Figley, 1995b).

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